To intelligently control belt conveyors based on coal flow, thereby save energy and reduce consumption, and mitigate equipment wear, we studied a coal flow monitoring and intelligent speed control system for belt conveyors based on algorithm model. The system integrates algorithm model technology to capture and analyze coal flow images on the belt in real time. By employing the U2-Net algorithm, the system accurately segments and recognizes the images to calculate the coal flow. Based on this data, the system intelligently adjusts the operating speed of the belt conveyor according to a preset optimal speed regulation strategy, ensuring transportation efficiency while minimizing energy consumption.